role/function of pancreas as endocrine gland

Role of pancreas in chemical coordination

Pancreas is considered to be both endocrine as well as exocrine gland or we can say that it has dual nature. It is considered as exocrine gland because it has a duct to secrete hormones like pancreatic juice which contains enzymes on the other hand it also act as a endocrine gland because it contain islets of langerhans.If you are confused inexocrine and endocrine gland then we can describe them in simple words likethis “exocrine glands are those which have ducts to secrete hormones while endocrine gland are ductless and release hormones directly into bloodstream”. The pancreas act as glucose level maintaining gland by the help of Islets of Langerhans functions.

Islets of Langerhans consist of three types of cells:

Alpha cells:

These found lesser in number than beta cells. These play a vital role in increasing the level of glucose in blood by secreting a hormone known as Glucagon. The hormone glucagon is responsible for stimulating liver to convert glycogen (polysaccharide) to simple sugar (glucose).Secondly these help in the catabolism of fats to glucose molecule. The overproduction of glucose can lead to diabetes mellitus if it is not stimulated by insulin.

Beta cells:

Beta cells of pancreas are having a duty to decrease glucose level in blood by secreting a major hormone that is insulin. When the glucose level rise in the blood the our portion of brain called as hypothalamus activates the beta cells by emitting a HIH (hypothalamic inhibiting hormone) on the reaction beta cells release insulin to lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver to produce glycogen by utilizing glucose within the blood.

So if we look at the overall function of pancreas then we can say that it maintains the glucose level in the blood either by increasing or through decreasing by using two specific hormones glucagon or insulin. The acinar cells also present in pancreas which secrete the pancreatic juice and make pancreas a dual nature gland.

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